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NON-VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN MACAU
Macau: China tightens grip on rising dissent and new movement
Beijing is tightening its grip on Macau after a series of grassroots protest actions. Unnerved by pro-democracy protests roiling Hong Kong, China has tried to stifle any parallel challenge in Macau. In May, a record 20,000 people took to the streets to protest poor public services and a bill giving lavish perks to senior civil servants. Activists organized an unofficial referendum asking residents whether they trusted the local head of government; results showed that 89 percent didn't trust him. One activist who was detained said the authorities "use the criminal justice system as justification for getting information from you...They're doing it to essentially deter us from escalating the movement."
ACADEMIC FREEDOM
Like Hong Kong, Macau is ruled under the one country, two systems model that affords its residents wide-ranging personal freedoms that don't exist on the mainland. Critics say these have been eroding under pressure from China.
Last month, the University of Saint Joseph issued a document, titled "USJ policy on political activities," that places limits on political discussion at the Catholic institution. When asked to provide a copy of the guidelines, the university's Pro-Rector for Academic Affairs and Development Vincent Yang told Reuters they were for internal use only and declined to give more details.
The guidelines were issued after a professor at the University, Eric Sautede, was dismissed in June after writing a column in a local newspaper extolling a candlelight vigil in Macau commemorating the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square student-led protests.
Peter Stilwell, the rector of Saint Joseph's, said Sautede was sacked for violating the primary principle of the Church, "which is of non-intervention in local political debate".
Bill Chou Kwok-Ping, a professor at the University of Macau and prominent civil rights activist, was let go in August for similar reasons. The University said it chose not to renew Chou's contract because he violated professional conduct regulations by not remaining politically neutral.
Macau's Tertiary Education Services Office is discussing guidelines that would assess universities and tertiary institutions for various issues, including funding, on the basis of whether they adhered to the principle of "love China, love Macau", according to a person who attended the meeting.
The tertiary office did not respond to Reuters' questions sent by email.
UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE
Situated at the mouth of China's Pearl River delta, Macau has traditionally been sympathetic to Beijing, with around half of its 600,000 population having emigrated from the mainland over the past three decades. As a result, there has been little grassroots protest in the city since China resumed control in 1999.
That changed in May. A record 20,000 people took to the streets to protest poor public services and a bill that provided lavish perks for senior civil servants.
Then, in August, Macau activists organized an unofficial referendum asking residents whether they trusted their chief executive - as the territory's head of government is called - and if full universal suffrage should be introduced. At the same time in Hong Kong, tensions were rising over a plan by activists, also demanding full democracy, to paralyze the central business district.
The results of the Macau referendum showed that 89 percent of the nearly 9,000 people who took part didn't trust Chui. The sole candidate for chief executive in the August election, he was chosen by a panel of 400 largely pro-China loyalists. Data released on the poll's online site also showed that 95 percent of the participants said they were in favor of allowing all registered voters to cast ballots for a chief executive.
Macau authorities moved quickly to disrupt the referendum, shutting polling booths. They also arrested five people for breaching privacy laws because the ballot asked for telephone and ID card numbers to prevent fraudulent voting.
"ESCALATING THE MOVEMENT"
Jason Chao, one of those detained, told Reuters he fled Macau for a few days at the end of the referendum to dispose of all the data, defying orders from police to hand over the information. Chao, a computer software developer and leading member of the New Macau Association, said he refused to let police officers search his apartment.
There's a trend for them to use the criminal justice system as justification for getting information from you, for searching your house," Chao said in an interview in Macau, referring to the local authorities and the Chinese government. "They're doing it to essentially deter us from escalating the movement."
Ahead of Xi's visit, Chao has met with men he described as plain clothes policemen and had informal meetings with representatives from Beijing, who described themselves as researchers but were not affiliated with any institution, he said.
Macau police declined to comment on questions sent by email.
Chao said he was told his group's annual pro-democracy protest held on the anniversary of Macau's handover could go ahead as long as it didn't target President Xi.
"They invited me to lunch and didn't put it in a straight-forward manner," he said. "They diplomatically said that if you decide to do your annual demonstration as normal, it will be fine as long as you don't do other things targeting Xi Jinping."